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The situation is quite frequent in Eve - you get out of the gate, and immediately fell into an ambush, in which each ship is more powerful than yours and deadly. But do not despair - there is always a chance to escape, and if your industrial ship is properly fitted, the chance is quite high.
When you just go out of the gate, your ship has advantages over the pirates waiting for it - you can see them for 30 seconds, but they do not see your ship, yet. And during the period of after-jump invisibility your ship can follow any direction — you do not have to turn the ship, you can speed it up to anywhere. So, during these 30 seconds you are stronger - and should use this time reasonably. It is better to break through to another gate as quickly as possible.
The enemy can prevent you from warping in two ways — by blocking the warp engine of your ship by modules such as Warp Scrambler I or Warp Disruptor I (warp jummers), and by changing the vector of acceleration of your ship to the gate by simply ramming your ship. Speed and maneuverability will help against the second threat.
And against the warp jummers, there are opposite devices - Warp Core Stabilizer I. You should put warp stabilizers into all the lower slots to prevent the warp engine from being blocked.
Math here is simple - almost every engine has power 1, the above mentioned modules have exactly the same power. For example, if you have 3 stabilizers, the total force will be 1+3 = 4. If the enemy uses against you 3 jummers (-3 strength), the jump is still possible.
But not only free engine is needed to make a warp jump; preliminary acceleration in the direction of the jump is necessary, too, at least to 75% of the maximum speed.
So, the conclusion is the following - the transport ship should be maximally equipped with accelerators and stabilizers. If you additionally have a cloaking devices — the chances of the pirates to catch and shoot your ship down are very small if you play correctly.